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Criteria for energy design
Seven main criteria have been identified as the most important for the energy design of the Model Home 2020 experi-ments, all of which strive for climate neutrality through energy design:
- Energy consumption targets. Targets should at least match our expecta-tions for the best EU regulations of 2020.
- Low-energy standards. The building should have low-energy stand-ards for heating, hot water and electricity for technical equipment and lighting. The house should have a dynamic envelope that can regulate heat transmission during night/day and summer/winter.
- Optimised design. The design of the building should be opti-mised to eliminate energy consumption for cooling in summer, to utilise passive solar heat gains in winter and to benefit from natural daylight all year round.
- Highest energy marking. The building should only use appliances with the highest energy marking.
- Intelligent energy performance control. Intelligent control of energy performance, ventilation, windows and other systems should be demonstrated, including reduc-tions of energy consumption through home automation.
- Documentation of embodied energy. The houses must document the energy in the materials used for constructing the house (embodied energy) and the extend of CO2 neutrality.
- Energy self-sufficiency. The focus is on being self-sufficient in energy, based on renewable energy.
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Criteria for livability
Seven main livability criteria have been identified as the most important for the Model Home 2020 experiments. All crite-ria support, individually and collectively, the vision of Model Home 2020, which is striving for the optimal indoor climate with the highest level of livability.
- Maximise daylight availability. Useful daylight illumination levels should be ensured around the year in order to create visual interest and demonstrate the energy savings potential for electric light.
- High daylight levels. High daylight levels must be achieved and documented ensuring the health and well-being of the residents. Documenta-tion could be carried out with the VELUX Daylight Visualizer 2.
- Strategic window positions. Windows must be placed low for view and high for illumination. The house should be treated as a daylight luminaire, with the best possible transition from the window pane to the interior surfaces without creat-ing visual discomfort and glare. Walls and floors should be in light-diffusing colours to maximise internal reflection.
- Healthy indoor climate. Indoor climate and comfort are to be documented. The houses are built for living, so indoor comfort will be subjected to both scientific measurement and subjective human assessment.
- Automatic control of natural ventilation. A strategy must be defined for automatic control of natural ventilation, based on the actual conditions. Mechanical ventilation may not be used as primary source of fresh air but may be used as support/backup for natural ventilation.
- Stack effect/chimney effect. Openable windows should be used and placed in low and high positions to take maximum advantage of the stack effect in the same zone (under sloping roof/high ceilings).
- Sound materials. The building should use sound materials with a long lifetime and of a composition that allows different materials to work together. The cost of each house must be calculated according to life cycle.
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